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Temporal exploration asks whether an agent can visit all vertices—or, in a separate variant, traverse all edges—by following edges when they are available. The central questions are whether an exploration exists, how long it takes, and how efficiently it can be found.
In a static connected undirected graph, a walk can visit every vertex: traversing a spanning tree uses at most $2n-2$ edge traversals, or $2n-3$ when the endpoint is free and $n\geq2$. Computing a shortest covering walk is a different, potentially hard optimization problem.
In a temporal graph, a connected footprint does not automatically guarantee a feasible visiting order. Consequently, one often studies the special case where every snapshot is connected. Waiting at a vertex is usually allowed but it consumes time.
Table
(2008) Avin, Koucký and Lotker — random-walk cover time How to Explore a Fast-Changing World (Cover Time of a Simple Random Walk on Evolving Graphs)
(2009) Flocchini, Mans and Santoro — periodically varying graphs Exploration of Periodically Varying Graphs
(2013) Ilcinkas and Wade — interval connectivity and rings Exploration of the T-Interval-Connected Dynamic Graphs: The Case of the Ring
(2014) Michail and Spirakis — temporal travelling salesperson Traveling Salesman Problems in Temporal Graphs
(2015) Erlebach, Hoffmann and Kammer — undirected exploration time On Temporal Graph Exploration
(2019) Bodlaender and van der Zanden — hardness on small pathwidth On exploring always-connected temporal graphs of small pathwidth
(2019) Erlebach, Kammer, Luo, Sajenko and Spooner — two moves per time step Two Moves per Time Step Make a Difference
(2020) Erlebach and Spooner — non-strict exploration Non-strict Temporal Exploration
(2021) Gotoh, Flocchini, Masuzawa and Santoro — distributed multi-agent exploration Exploration of Dynamic Networks: Tight Bounds on the Number of Agents
(2023) Erlebach and Spooner — parameterized exploration Parameterised Temporal Exploration Problems
(2023) Bumpus and Meeks — temporal edge exploration Edge Exploration of Temporal Graphs
(2023) Marino and Silva — Eulerian walks, local trails and trails Eulerian Walks in Temporal Graphs
(2023) Arrighi, Fomin, Golovach and Wolf — kernelization lower bounds Kernelizing Temporal Exploration Problems
(2025) Balev, Sanlaville and Toullalan — minimizing edge traversals The Shortest Temporal Exploration Problem